Biology

Welcome to Biology with MsLevy
llevy@belchertown.org

Your textbook is HRW's Biology: Principles and Explorations.  Find support at   http://go.hrw.com/hrw.nd/gohrw_rls1/pKeywordResults?keyword=HX0%20HOME

Find the link to Massachusetts Biology Frameworks at the Department of Education http://www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/scitech/2001/standards/ls9_101.html

Check out Kahn Academy's Biology lessons and other online support sites and let me know how well they work for you!

Anatomy systems Narratives Key

Macrobiology

1-      cells

2-      tissues

3-      organs

4-      systems

5-      homeostasis

6-      feedback

7-      optimal

Circulatory

1-      transports

2-      wastes

3-      immune

4-      cardiac

5-      arteries

6-      pulse

7-      away

8-      veins

9-      valves

10-   arterioles

11-   venules

12-   capillaries

13-   diffuse

14-   sphincters

15-   pulmonary

16-   systemic

17-   plasma

18-   RBC

19-   WBC

20-   platelets

Digestive

1-      macro-

2-      monomer

3-      -saccharides

4-      acids

5-      break

6-      small

7-      salivary

8-      swallowing

9-      peristalsis

10-   contractions

11-   epiglottis

12-   esophagus

13-   stomach

14-   acids

15-   pancreas

16-   pyloric

17-   small

18-   bile

19-   gallbladder

20-   fat

21-   enzymes

22-   liver

23-   absorbed

24-   microvilli

25-   20

26-   appendix

27-   6

28-   large

29-   water

30-   minerals

31-   bacteria

32-   vitamins

33-   fiber

34-   feces

35-   rectum

36-   sphincter

37-   defecation

21-    

Respiratory

1-      N₂

2-      O₂

3-      CO₂

4-      ciliated

5-      particles

6-      moistened

7-      nose

8-      mouth

9-      pharynx

10-   larynx

11-   trachea

12-   cartilage

13-   bronchi

14-   bronchioles

15-   alveoli

16-   capillaries

17-   diffuse

18-   surfactant

19-   diaphragm

20-   rib

21-   pressure

22-   lungs

Excretory

1-      homeostasis

2-      water

3-      electrolytes

4-      wastes

5-      nitrogenous

6-      urea

7-      liver

8-      toxic

9-      kidneys

10-   nephron

11-   urine

12-   ureter

13-   bladder

14-   urethra

15-   sweat

16-   removal

Nervous

1-      coordination

2-      internal

3-      environmental

4-      central

5-      peripheral

6-      motor

7-      sensory

8-      neuron

9-      axon

10-   dendrites

11-   synapse

12-   stimuli

13-   neurotransmitter

14-   myelin

15-   electrical

16-   spasm

17-   brain

18-   spinal cord

19-   muscles

20-   stimulation

21-   voluntarily

Endocrine

1-      long-term

2-      hormone

3-      structure

4-      target cells

5-      hormones

6-      target

7-      negative feedback

Skeletal

1-      protection

2-      movement

3-      blood

4-      bones

5-      cartilage

6-      tendons

7-      ligaments

8-      marrow

9-      RBC&WBC

10-   growth

Muscular

1-      movement

2-      blood

3-      muscle

4-      skeletal

5-      flexor/extensor

6-      cardiac

7-      smooth

8-      motor

9-      sarcomeres

10-   fibers

Integumentary

1-      protection

2-      environment

3-      fat

4-      D

5-      epidermis

6-      flexibility

7-      strength

8-      mucous

9-      moistened

Immune & Lymphatic

1-      defense

2-      regulation

3-      conditions

4-      lymph

5-      tissues

6-      nodes

7-      WBC

8-      RBC

9-      non-specific

10-   phagocytes

11-   humoral

12-   lymphocytes

13-   antibodies

Reproductive

1-      offspring

2-      50%

3-      genetic

4-      gamete

5-      fertilization

6-      sperm

7-      flagella

8-      gonads

9-      ovaries

10-   testes

11-   nourish

12-   eggs

13-   menstrual

14-   endometrium

15-   menstruation

16-   sperm

17-   testicles

Development

1-      zygote

2-      mitosis

3-      gastrula

4-      differentiation

5-      specialize

6-      genes

7-      times

8-      implantation

9-      placenta

10-   chemicals

11-   gravity

12-   labor

13-   play

go to the Your body, Your health page
 to find the answer keys to the Anatomy Proficiency and Anatomy Labeling.

Diffusion Lab - support

Conclusion question:  How did the plastic bag demonstrate diffusion across a semi-permeable membrane?

          Include the standards below to complete a great, 5-8 sentence lab conclusion  ...

 Response: starch, Iodine, water, what did go through, what did not go through

Support: diffusion, particle size and pore size, semi-permeable

Evidence: the color, the color change in the beaker vs the bag, and mass differences (if any and if it was  convincing evidence or hard to tell)

Error Honesty:  errors, procedural and human

… not that your hypothesis turned out wrong, that’s not an error!

Next Questions:  you are the scientist, what comes next?

Vocab:  use some correctly

Logical Flow:  you know what good writing sounds like!

            *hint: the results were straightforward, but explain what they mean for a cell!

Mastery Learning 

In order to receive this credit, you are to complete the following on a clean sheet of paper, stapled to the front of the original… 

1) State the new score you anticipate on the assignment.

2) Rewrite the original question.

3) Reflection:  Explain the mistakes you made or the misunderstanding you had when answering the question initially.  The reflections must be thoughtful, complete and concise.

4) Re-answer the question or re-work the problem, explaining your correct answer fully.  If the problem is mathematical, show all steps.

5) Repeat steps 2-4 for each question on which you wish to earn back points

The packet must be handed in on or before the third class meeting after the assignment was passed back to the class.

Taxonomy Study guide answer key

1-      biodiversity

2-      Rapid Assessment Program, threatened

3-      prokaryotic or eukaryotic, unicellular and/or multicellular, autotrophic and/or heterotrophic

4-      multicellular

5-      Plantae, Animalia, Fungi

6-      DNA, protein coat

7-      reproduce, metabolize, grow, homeostasis

8-      prokaryotic, “nucleus”

9-      Eubacteria (ie. they are prokaryotic)

10-   inner membranes

11-   anaerobic and aerobic

12-   E.coli

13-   Protozoa, Protophyta, Protomycota

14-   unicellular, Eukaryotic

15-   autotrophic, heterotrophic

16-   Paramecium

17-   heterotrophic, unicellular or multicellular, chitin, wall

18-   external, -mycota

19-   mycorrhizae

20-   lichen

21-   autotrophic, multicellular

22-   water

23-   seed, offspring

24-   vascular, non-vascular

25-   flowering, non-flowering

26-   heterotrophic

27-   tissues

28-   sponges

29-   Cnidarians, tissues

30-   snail/octopus, earthworm

31-   closed

32-   segmentation

33-   exoskeleton

34-   radial, water-vascular

35-   Chordates

36-   Amphibians

37-   Reptiles

38-   Birds

39-   endothermic, insulation (fur)

Essentials

Life

Basic level of understanding includes …

• Alive = utilizes energy, changes as it ages, responds to the environment, reproduce with DNA or RNA, composed of cells
• Virus = alive?  Know the meaning of virulence
• Species = distinctive; gene pool; reproductive success = viable and fertile
• KPCOFGS
• Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic cells … esp. eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles
• Binomial nomenclature … humans are Homo sapiens, Carolus Linnaeus

Proficient level of understanding includes all above, plus…

• Domains: Archea and Eubacteria, Eukaryae
• Prokaryotic Domains are Archea and Eubacteria, Eukaryotic Kingdoms are Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
• Taxonomy/classification: grouping of organisms by evolutionary relatedness
• Define adaptation(as insurance), natural selection(best fit), microevolution (separates gene pools)
• 5 kingdom system, 6 kingdom system, our understanding changes as new information comes to light
• Sexual selection is sexy

Advanced

• Emergent properties:  whole > sum of the parts; molecules-organelles-cells
• Cladistics = Phylogeny … the cladogram illustrates relationships over deep time, lengths of time since split with ancestors, derived characters illustrate how the similarities between ancestral relatives has changed
• Haekel (3K), Whittaker(5K), Woese(3D)
• Define niche, fitness, selective pressure
• Oldest Archae & Eubacteria 3.8 bya, oldest Eukaryote 1.5 bya, oldest multicellular  550mya

• Examples        
• Archae ex. methanogens, extremophiles
• Eubacteria ex.  E.coli, Spirogyra
• Protista ex.  Euglena, Paramecium, Amoeba, Algae
• Fungi ex.  Acidophilus, Mushroom
• Plantae ex.  Teosinte(maize), Idaho fescue(grass), American Chestnut
• Animalia ex.  C.elegans(worm), D.melanogaster(fruit fly), Zebrafish, Lab rat/mouse, Rhesus monkey

Unit I.The Practice of Science

Basic level of understanding includes …

• Definition and construction of a hypothesis
• Theory as explanation
• Design of a controlled experiment
• Distinguish dependent from independent variable in a controlled experiment
• Qualities of reliable data

Proficient level of understanding includes all above, plus…

• The perspective/gestalt of science research
• The vital role of objective observation in collecting reliable data
• Graphing: Independent and dependent variables on correct axes, labels & units, setting appropriate axis-scales
• The utility of well-designed models
• The 4 qualities of reliable research: replicable, falsifiable, precise, straightforward
• Distinction between precision and accuracy

Advanced

• The most reliable theories are solidly supported by experimental results from 3+ branches of a science
• Reliable science uses logic to analyze results and meticulously links cause and effect to describe relationships
• Occam’s razor:  All else being held equal, the simplest explanation is usually correct
• Bias:  the natural human tendency to wish for desired outcomes, overcome by conducting experiments rigorously and analyzing results honestly